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One reason for its biodiversity is that it lies in the transition area between the temperate north and tropical south. There are also 7,500 species of veined plants. Over 52% of the bird species found in Mexico live in the state, with 525, 40% of Mexico's mammals with 173 and 18% of its reptile species. The Jalisco area contains all five of Mexico's natural ecosystems: arid and semi arid scrublands, tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous and thorn forests, grasslands and mesquite grasslands, and temperate forests with oaks, pines and firs.

Altitudes in the state vary from 0 to 4,300 meters (0 to 14,110 ft) above sea level, from the coast to the top of the Nevado de Colima. Jalisco is made up of a diverse terrain that includes forests, beaches, plains, and lakes. The state is in the central western coast of the country, bordering the states of Nayarit, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Colima and Michoacán with 342 kilometers (213 mi) of coastline on the Pacific Ocean to the west. With a total area of 78,599 square kilometers (30,347 sq mi), Jalisco is the seventh-largest state in Mexico, accounting for 4.1% of the country's territory. There is also a significant foreign population, mostly from the United States and Canada, living in the Lake Chapala and Puerto Vallarta areas. The state is home to two significant indigenous populations, the Huichols and the Nahuas. Many of the characteristic traits of Mexican culture, particularly outside Mexico City, are originally from Jalisco, such as mariachi, ranchera music, birria, tequila, jaripeo, etc., hence the state's motto: 'Jalisco es México.' Economically, it is ranked third in the country, with industries centered in the Guadalajara metropolitan area, the third largest metropolitan area in Mexico. Jalisco is one of the most economically and culturally important states in Mexico, owing to its natural resources as well as its long history and culture. Jalisco is divided into 125 municipalities, and its capital and largest city is Guadalajara. It is located in Western Mexico and is bordered by six states, which are Nayarit, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Michoacán, and Colima. Jalisco ( / h ə ˈ l iː s k oʊ/, also / h ɑː-, h ə ˈ l ɪ s k oʊ/, Spanish: ( listen) Nahuatl: Xalixco), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco ( Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco Nahuatl: Tlahtohcayotl Xalixco), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

The state's flag was officially adopted in 2007 The state's GDP was 566,809,524 million pesos in 2008, amount corresponding to 44,281,994.06 million dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of 3 June 2010).

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